
Low levels of estrogen and progesterone stimulate the hypothalamus to send slow pulses of gonadatropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to the pituitary gland.
Stimulated by slow pulses of GnRH, the pituitary sends follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to the ovary, which initiates the maturation of ova in follicles. The follicles then produce estrogen.
In about 10 days, the high estrogen level signals the hypothalamus to produce fast pulses GnRH. These fast pulses of GnRH tell the pituitary gland to produce luteinizing hormone (LH). Luteinizing hormone (LH) promotes ovulation. The follicle after ovulating turns into the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum produces progesterone. After mid cycle, the luteal phase GnRH pulse rate slows dramatically, to levels below that of the follicular phase.
The maturing ovarian follicles produce estrogen, which promotes proliferation of ovarian cells. After ovulation, the follicle becomes the corpus luteum (yellow body) and produces progesterone, which becomes the dominant gonadal hormone during the second half of the cycle and converts the proliferative endometrium (lining of the uterus) into secretory endometrium.
If pregnancy does NOT occur, the corpus luteum involutes (atrophies) and the production of both estrogen and progesterone falls, a signal for menstruation, and the shedding of the endometrium.
Serum levels of estrogen and progesterone fall as they are metabolized and excreted.
The fall of estrogen and progesterone stimulates slow pulses of GnRH, starting the cycle anew.
A disordered ovulation will form ovarian cyst. Our ovaries normally grow cyst like structures called follicles each month. Follicles are little "chemical factories" that produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone and release an egg when we ovulate. Sometimes a normal monthly follicle just keeps growing. When that happens, it becomes known as a functional cyst. This means it started during the normal function of your menstrual cycle. There are two types of functional cysts:
Follicular ovarian cyst. Ovulation initiates a complex chain reaction. The follicle holding your egg takes its cue from your brain's pituitary gland via a hormone called luteinizing hormone (LH), which is necessary for conception. When everything goes according to plan, your egg is released and begins its journey down the fallopian tube in search of fertilization. A follicular cyst begins when LH doesn't surge and the chain reaction doesn't start. The result is a follicle that doesn't rupture or release its egg. Instead, it grows and grows until it becomes a cyst. Follicular cysts are usually harmless, rarely cause pain and often disappear on their own within two or three menstrual cycles.
Corpus luteum ovarian cyst. If LH does surge and your egg is released, another chain of events starts. The follicle then responds to LH by producing large quantities of estrogen and progesterone in preparation for conception. This change in the follicle is called the corpus luteum. However, sometimes after the egg's release, its escape hole seals off and tissues accumulate inside, causing the corpus luteum to expand into a cyst. Although this cyst usually disappears on its own in a few weeks, it can grow to almost 4 inches in diameter and has the potential to bleed into itself or twist the ovary, causing pelvic or abdominal pain. If it fills with blood, the cyst may rupture, causing internal bleeding and sudden, sharp pain.
The two main sexual hormones in women are estrogen and progesterone. Both are produced in men and women, although in different quantities. What is the function of progesterone and estrogen in our body? Estrogen regulates the menstrual cycle, promotes cell division and is largely responsible for the development of secondary female characteristics during puberty. In non-pregnant, pre-menopausal women, only 100-200 micrograms of estrogen is secreted daily. But during pregnancy, much more is secreted. Estrogen is produced in the ovaries, adrenal and fat tissues. During menopause, the amount of estrogen in the body declines by about 50 to 60 percent. Production, however, is augmented in the adrenals and in the fat cells. Estrogen and progesterone work in synchronization with each other. They oppose each other in their actions and work as checks and balances to achieve hormonal harmony in both sexes. On the other hand, progesterone acts primarily as an antagonist (opposite to) to estrogen in our body. For example, estrogen can cause breast cysts while progesterone protects against breast cysts. Estrogen enhances salt and water retention while progesterone is a natural diuretic. Estrogen has been associated with breast and endometrial cancer, while progesterone has cancer preventive effect.
Some of the functions of progesterone include:
· It protects the breast, uterus, and ovaries from cancer
· It acts as a natural diuretic
· It produces a calming, anti-anxiety effect
· It contributes to formation of new bone tissue

2 comments:
what is cyst?where can we get that?
great and awesome blog...i am really impressed to see it...
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